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General guidelines
This guide is based on the most recent MLA Style Manual, 3rd Edition. Examples in Keys for Writers are based on the MLA Style Manual, 2nd Edition. For questions about which version to use, please consult with your professor.
Your entries should be double spaced within and between citations. Put them in alphabetical order by author's last name, or if no author is listed, lead off with the title. Use hanging indents.
The following are sample entries for some common types of electronic sources.
Journal, periodical, or newspaper article from an online database such as Business
Source EliteAuthor. "Title of article." Periodical title volume number. Issue. (Date of publication):
Pages. Title of database. Web. Date of access (day, month, year).
Jaeger, William K. "Optimizing Environmental Taxation from Society's Perspective."
American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86.3 (Aug. 2004): 805-812.
Business Source Elite. Web. 25 Aug. 2009.
Web Site (personal, scholarly project, or professional)
Author (if known). "Title of the work." Title of site. Date of publication if available. Web.
Date of access.
Robertson, Campbell. "New Orleans Sees an Opportunity to Improve on Its Past " New York
Times. 30 Aug. 2009. Web. 1 Sept. 2009.
Electronic journal or newsletter published only online
Author, if known. "Title of article." Title of journal volume. Issue. (Date): Pages or if
pagination is unavailable, use "n. pag." Web. Date of access.
Flannagan, Roy. "Reflections on Milton and Ariosto." Early Modern Literary Studies 2.3
(1996): n. pags.Web. 30 July 2009.
Encyclopedia or other reference work
Author, if known. "Title of article." Title of encyclopedia, Date. Name of electronic
publication. Date. Web. Date of access.
"Ho Chi Minh." Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2004. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007.
Web. 5 Dec. 2008.
Electronic book.
Author. Title of book. Original place of publication, date. Title of database or web site.
Name of sponsoring organization. Web. Date of access.
Nesbit, Edith. Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism. London, 1908. Victorian Women Writers
Project. Indiana U. Web. 20 Dec. 2008.
Citing an e-mail
Name of the writer. "Title of the message, taken from the subject line." Message to recipient.
Date of e-mail. E-mail.
Taylor, Joe. "Re: The Shamrocks: Portrait of a Champion." Message to Jim Brady.
29 May 2009. E-Mail.
Inman, Ted. "Re: 753rd Tank Battalion." Message to the author. 15 April 2009. E-mail.
Video Recording or DVD
Title. Director. Performers. Year of original release. Distributor, year. Format (DVD, video,
film).
Eleni. Dir. Peter Yates. Perf. Kate Nelligan and John Malkovich. 1986. Sony Home
Entertainment, 1993. DVD.
Sound Recording
Performer or conductor. "Specific song." Title of recording. Recording date if different from
release date. Manufacturer, release date. Format.
Hall, Jim. "Two's Blues." Concierto. Rec. 23 April 1975. Sony Music, 1997. CD.
The following are sample entries for some common types of print sources.
Journal articles with one author
Author. "Title of article." Periodical title volume. issue number if available (year): pages.
Print.
Goodheart, Adam. "Tea and Fantasy." The American Scholar 74.4 (2005): 21-34. Print.
Journal articles with two or three authors
Authors. "Title of article."Periodical title volume (year): pages. Print.
Weeder, Julie A., Anne R. Marshall, and John M. Epifanio. "An Assessment of Population
Genetic Variation in Chinook Salmon from Seven Michigan Rivers 30 Years after
Introduction." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25.2 (2005):
861-75. Print.
Note: Reverse only the first author's name. For four or more authors, either list all of the
names or use only the first author's name followed by et al.Haeseker, Steven L., et al. "Retrospective Evaluation of Preseason Forecasting Models for
Pink Salmon." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25.2 (2005):
897-911. Print.
Articles in a magazine
Author. "Title of article." Magazine title date: pages. Print.
Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71. Print.
Daily newspaper article
Omit the initial The in a newspaper title.
Author. "Title of article." Name of newspaper date: pages. Print.
Smith, Dinitia. "Critic at the Mercy of His Kind." New York Times 24 May 2003: B9. Print.
Book, one author
Author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher. year. Print.
Shreve, Anita. Light on Snow. New York: Little-Brown, 2005. Print.
Book, two authors
Authors. Title. Place of publication: Publisher, year. Print.
Kraybill, Donald L., and Steven M. Nolt. Amish Enterprise: from Plows to Profits. 2nd ed.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2004. Print.
Note: With a book that has four or more authors, either list all of the names or use only the
first author's name followed by et al.Folwer, Melvin. L., et al. The Mound 72 Area: Dedicated and Sacred Space in Early
Cahokia. Springfield: Illinois State Museum, 1999. Print.
Essay or chapter in a collection or anthology
Author. Title of Article or Essay." Title of Collection. Ed. Editor(s) name(s). Place of
publication: publisher, year. Pages. Print
Hall, Robert L. "Sacrificed Foursomes and Green Corn Ceremonialism." Mounds, Modoc,
and Mesoamerica. Ed. Steven. R. Ahler and Melvin L. Fowler. Springfield: Illinois
State Museum, 2000. 245-53. Print.
Article in a reference work
Author. "Title of article or essay." Title of Reference Work. Edition if available. year. Print.
Zelasko, Nancy F. "Bilingual Education." Encyclopedia of Education. 2nd ed. 2003. Print.
Note: If no author is listed, lead off with the title of the article.
Multivolume work
If you refer to more than one volume, indicate the number of volumes.
Weiner, Irving, ed. Handbook of Psychology. 12 vols. Hoboken: John Wiley, 2003. Print.
If you refer to only one volume of a set, limit the information in the citation to that volume.
Gallagher, Michela, and Randy J. Nelson, eds. Handbook of Psychology. Vol. 3. Hoboken:
John Wiley, 2003. Print.
Citation guides
MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide (Purdue University)
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: The Modern Language
Association of America, 2009. Print. (on permanent reserve at the Library's
Circulation Desk)
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 3rd ed. New York: The Modern
Language Association of America, 2008. Print. (on permanent reserve a the
Library's Circulation Desk.
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